Fabhind Private Limited

Plastics are one of the most commonly used materials in  our daily life. They contribute to make our life  convenient. They are widely used in packaging and  manufacture of products including electronic, automotive, etc [1]. Plastics have light weight and can  be simply formed. They can be reused and help to  conserve natural resources [2]. In fact, plastics have  been used to replace metals and wood. Resultantly,  plastic consumption has skyrocketed.  Plastic was invented in 1862 by Alexander Parkes [3].  They are formed by polymerization and have high  molecular mass. Other substances may be present in plastics besides polymers to minimize costs and to  enhance performance [4]. Desired shape can be given to  these polymers by molding or by extrusion [5].  Plastic pyrolysis involves heating and degradation of  plastic polymers at temperatures between 350°C and  900°C in an oxygen deficient environment [2]. This  results in the formation of carbonized solid residue  called char, condensable hydrocarbon oil and  non-condensable gas with high calorific value [2].  Scheirs et al. [5] stated that gases formed during the  pyrolysis of organic material include carbon monoxide,  carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen, methane, ethane,  ethane, propane, propane, butane, butene, etc. The  temperature and rate of heating can be controlled to  produce desired solid, liquid and gas products because  they have significant influence in pyrolysis process [5].  Yin et al. [6] have considered pyrolysis of waste plastic  as one of the outstanding methods of energy  regeneration. This is because waste plastic is an  important resource of hemicals, gas and liquid fuels  [6].  Mainly there are two types of plastics: thermoplastics  and thermosetting polymers. If enough heat is supplied, thermoplastics can be softened and melted repeatedly.  On cooling, they are hardened, so that they can be used to form new plastics products. Examples include polyethylene, polystyrene, etc[4]. They are recyclable. Thermosetting plastics can be melted and shaped only once. It is not good to repeatedly heat treat such plastics; therefore they remain in solid state after they avebeen solidified Examples: epoxyresin, phenol form aldehyde , etc[7].Society of Plastics Industry (SPI) has divided plastics into the following groups on the basis of application and chemical structure.

A continuous tyre pyrolysis to oil machine converts waste tires into valuable resources like fuel oil, carbon black, and steel wire through a high-temperature process in the absence of oxygen. These machines offer a sustainable solution for waste tire recycling, enabling continuous operation and maximizing resource recovery. 

Key features and benefits of continuous tyre pyrolysis machines:

· Continuous Operation:

Unlike batch-type systems, continuous machines are designed for uninterrupted 24/7 operation, leading to increased efficiency and throughput. 

·  Automated Processes:

Many continuous pyrolysis plants feature automated feeding, discharge, and control systems (often PLC-based), minimizing manual labor and enhancing safety. 

·         High Efficiency:

Advanced features like high-efficiency oil-gas condensation systems and flue gas recirculation contribute to lower fuel consumption and emissions, with some systems claiming up to 50% emission reduction. 

·         Resource Recovery:

The process efficiently converts tires into pyrolysis oil, carbon black, and steel wire, which can be sold for various applications. 

·         Environmental Benefits:

Pyrolysis provides a more environmentally friendly alternative to landfilling or incineration of tires, reducing pollution and conserving landfill space. 

How it works:

1.    1. Pre-treatment:

Waste tires are shredded into smaller chips and pre-treated to remove steel wires (if applicable). 

2.      2. Pyrolysis:

The tire chips are fed into a continuous reactor, where they are heated in the absence of oxygen to a high temperature (typically 400-500°C). 

3.      3. Oil/Gas Generation:

The heat breaks down the tire material into pyrolysis oil, gas, and carbon black. 

4.      4. Cooling and Condensation:

The oil and gas are cooled, and the oil is liquefied and collected, while the uncondensable gas may be recycled for heating the reactor or treated for emission control. 

5.      5. Carbon Black and Steel Wire Discharge:

The remaining carbon black and steel wire (if any) are discharged from the reactor. 

Applications:

·         Fuel Production: Pyrolysis oil can be used as fuel in various industries, including power generation and heating.

·         Carbon Black Production: Carbon black can be used as a reinforcing agent in tires and other rubber products.

·         Steel Recycling: Steel wire can be recovered and recycled. 

Considerations:

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